box-shadow: none !important; To help you improve your health, we've created this guide to determine the caffeine content and sugar levels and whether these amounts are low, medium or high compared to other drinks on the market. .footer a::after, .btn-link::after, .btn-link a::after, .cats a::after, .cats-blog a::after, .action a::after, .call-to-action-module h2::after, .call-to-action-module h3::after, .call-to-action-module h4::after, .hero-info a::after, .royalSlider.tabs .rsTab::after, .woo-cheader a::after, .shop_table .product-name a::after, #shop-search a::after { Ultimately, the caffeine in Fuel Energy Drink is safe; all that matters is how much of it you drink. .ie .galleria-container.background--light .galleria-image-nav-right i { Orbecome reliant on it that you require an even higher dose to overcome tolerance. /* Change default call to action hover color */ Copyright 2023 CaffeineContentHub.com | Contact Us |CaffeineContentHub.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. The 10 calories and 0 carbs are directly applicable to the 8 oz. Having multiple cans will undoubtedly push you over the daily limit. Copyright 2023 How Much Caffeine Pro | About Us | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Do Not Sell My Information | GDPRHowMuchCaffeinePro.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. (e in b)&&0=b[e].o&&a.height>=b[e].m)&&(b[e]={rw:a.width,rh:a.height,ow:a.naturalWidth,oh:a.naturalHeight})}return b}var C="";u("pagespeed.CriticalImages.getBeaconData",function(){return C});u("pagespeed.CriticalImages.Run",function(b,c,a,d,e,f){var r=new y(b,c,a,e,f);x=r;d&&w(function(){window.setTimeout(function(){A(r)},0)})});})();pagespeed.CriticalImages.Run('/mod_pagespeed_beacon','https://www.caffeinecontenthub.com/fuel-energy-drink/','82dtZm2p5Q',true,false,'AWdZjwi_brU'); The name of the brand is inspired by nitrous oxide, a gas that racers use in their cars to get a boost of speed when they really need to beat the competition. GUARANA AND TAURINE. The ingredients in G Fuel Energy Drink are: A can of 16 fl. /* Contact form input fields bg color */ High sugar content. cursor: url(http://virtimmo.be/wp-content/themes/lobo/img/grab-sldr-light.cur), move !important; The. You may feel jittery, have difficulty sleeping, or your anxiety may worsen. } } It can cause a number of side effects, including: In fact, the short-term effects of consuming so much caffeine at once can be challenging at times. cursor: url(http://virtimmo.be/wp-content/themes/lobo/img/grab-gallery-right-light.cur), move !important; letter-spacing: 1px; 5 star rating. Furthermore, the marketing tactics used by energy drink companies often target youth, making them particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of these beverages. Caffeine levels in some energy drinks can be very high. So, I wouldnt recommend getting more than one. height: auto; This drink claims to be a healthier energy drink because it's loaded with special ingredients that help to fuel your body and is aimed at people who are trying to get energy before they go work out. What is this? Energy drinks generally range from 80 to 300 mg of caffeine per can or bottle, Here are 10 of the most caffeinated energy beverages! Moderate consumption of energy drinks is considered safe for most healthy adults. This is a unique website which will require a more modern browser to work! The caffeine content in energy drinks varies widely depending on the type of drink but can range from 40 milligrams per serving up to 500 milligrams per serving. In conclusion, while energy drinks may provide a temporary boost in energy and alertness, they come with a host of negative health effects, especially in adolescents and young adults. Imagine BlackRock, which grew into the worlds biggest money manager with $5.4 trillion of assets under management, being called BlackPebble? BlackRock has far surpassed Blackstone in assets under management. Despite lowering how much caffeine the drinks have, they're still sitting pretty high with 300mg per can. It is important for individuals, especially youth, to be aware of the potential risks associated with energy drinks and to consume them in moderation. ClassicHot or Iced. -ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=70)" !important; color: #4e4e4e; Easiest Halo Missions To Speedrun, On a caffeine per ounce scale, it is the most powerful. Red Bull is a pretty classic energy drink. background: none !important; This drink hit the shelves in 1987 in Austria and made its way to other countries around the world in the following years. In any case, the extra sugar found in energy drinks such as Monster, Red Bull, and Rockstar is bad for you. This guide to so-called "energy drinks" tackles the three most common questions surrounding these controversial products: Are they safe? Its closest in definition to the Cortado, a drink of Spanish origin thats made with espresso and whole milk. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. They even offer a decaf medium roast and a sweet medium roast alternative. Ultimately, the caffeine in Rockstar Energy Drink is safe; all that matters is how much of it you drink. G fuel is an excellent choice if you want energy drinks that are healthier and have a better flavor with multiple effects. and milliliters (mL). Despite having no calories or sugar, G Fuel does have 300 mg of caffeine, which is a lot. line-height: 18px !important; Your email address will not be published. We think we've captured something powerful, our very own line of premium energy drinks crafted for you. margin: 7px 0; Accessed Feb. 1, 2020. ":"&")+"url="+encodeURIComponent(b)),f.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),f.send(a))}}}function B(){var b={},c;c=document.getElementsByTagName("IMG");if(!c.length)return{};var a=c[0];if(! Were excited to share BLACKROCK FUEL with you all. You can enjoy that energy boost without worrying about exceeding the daily sugar limit of 6 teaspoons (24 grams). (High to Low), Caffeine in Energy drinks in the United State, Side Effects too much caffeine from energy drinks. Rockstar comes in a 16 oz can or a large 24 oz can size. Pregnancy and parenting news, given to you in a way nobody else has. This is roughly equivalent to four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee or two energy drinks. OAT MILK now available at ALL locations !!. Also women who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant or breastfeeding are advised to limit their use of caffeine. } Teens should limit their caffeine intake to less than 100 mg per day (one 8-ounce cup of coffee or about two cans of cola). background: #007faf; Black Rifle Coffee Company is a SOF veteran-owned coffee company, serving premium coffee and culture to people who love America. display: inline !important; Black Rock Coffee Bar you asked, we answered! Consuming too much caffeine from energy drinks can cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, which can be harmful to people with heart conditions. The strongest, most powerful energy drink is Redline Xtreme (part of the Redline brand from Bang Energy). G Fuels formula is different from that of other energy drinks in that it includes a variety of antioxidants and b-vitamins. Search for Drink here: BEVERAGES . This superfood blend is a Matcha made in heaven Give a medium a try tomorrow for just $3!. Nuratrim is one of the best natural fat burner supplements. G-Fuel has an energy complex of components designed to give energy. The spiced ground chocolate is laced with fragrant spices such as cocoa liquor, real vanilla, almond and cinnamon To finish off this tasty Mexican spiced chocolate, it is mixed with espresso and 2 percent milk resulting in Black Rocks smooth and flavorful Mexican Mocha. Caffeine Content of Drinks. Beta-Hydroxybutyrate is a ketone that our bodies require when they run out ofsugar to produce energy. 5-Hour Energy - Technically a supplement, 5-Hour Energy comes in small doses but . padding-bottom: 56.25%; Rumor has it that theyll soon distribute in grocery store chains and more. Fortunately, it comes in tiny 0.14-ounce portions. /* contact form labels */ Each can also contains 59 grams of sugar and about 158 grams of caffeine. Furthermore, the FDA has set a cap of 400 mg of caffeine per day for healthy adults. Amplified negative health effects in adolescents. Have you heard that Mozart, Bach, Balzac, and Napoleon all couldn't live without it either? G FUEL is a dietary supplement that was made for gamers to assist in improving energy, attention endurance, and reaction time. Festool Guide Rail Accessory Kit, 5-Hour Energy is a unique type of energy drink. We are featuring a Sugar Free Winterberry Fuel. Summertime is here and Black Rock Coffee Bar has the drinks that will help you splash into the season. It's called "hardcore" because it has such a high level of caffeine in each 16 oz can. Spike Hardcore Energy : 350 mg Per Can With a whopping 350 mg of caffeine per can, this energy drink is one of the most caffeinated beverages on the market. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Other symptoms, including insomnia, heart palpitations, tremors, excessive sweating and chest pains, are other possible side effects of consuming too many energy drinks. Please upgrade today! .pagination .next-post a, .comment-list .even, form input[type="submit"], .selector, .current-selector { background-color: rgb(272, 272, 272); } The Sugar Free version of Rockstar's original proprietary blend. The Rock Released His Own 'Clean and Healthy' Energy Drink: Here's What Nutritionists Say . Black Rock has a variety of custom Premium drinks like the Caramel Blondie and the Blackout, their own energy drink called Fuel, and have non-coffee drinks like smoothies and Italian sodas. Highlighting its fall menu is Black Rocks Pumpkin Blondie (served hot, iced or blended), which combines a pumpkin pie flavor with an iteration of ingredients found in Black Rock Coffee Bars signature drink, the Caramel Blondie. If you love Matcha green tea, you will love the Matcha Chiller! While Rockstar Energy Drink caffeine can be VERY HIGH, the key is moderation. Energy drinks are typically marketed as stimulant beverages that provide an extra boost of energy. .ie .sldr-nofade .top-dark .grab-cursor { Jeff Hernandez Owner Black Rock Coffee Bar | LinkedIn. All rights reserved. ::-moz-selection { background-color: #e2e2e2; } } Calorie Goal 1,530 cal. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); At Caffeine Park, we strive to be your go-to source for all things caffeine. Motel In Anchorage Alaska, } Eventually, the company hopes to use Fuel to expand the Black Rock brand into grocery and convenience stores. User submission from Nicole (08/14/13): Birthday freebie alert: black rock cafe will hook you up with a free coffee on your special day . It is not recommended for children, pregnant or nursing women, or those sensitive to caffeine. oz can of Game Fuel has 90 calories, 23g of sugar, and 90mg of caffeine, along with a side of Vitamin A, and B-Vitamins. border: none; Our sugar free flavors include: white chocolate, chocolate, caramel, vanilla, chocolate macadamia nut, hazelnut, irish cream, peppermint (seasonal), coconut, raspberry, peach and strawberry. Our lineup features the sensational flavors of strawberry and dragon fruit and are the perfect pairing to the warm weathe. B VITAMINS. In March 2019, Black Rock Coffee Bar debuted Fuel drinks chain-wide in three flavors: Original, Organic, and Sugar-Free , and its the base product in two menu items, Infused Fuel and the Fuel Smoothie. .wpcf7-submit { For your health, it is also important to know how much caffeine is in Fuel Energy Drink so you can gauge its strength. BlackRock and Vanguard do not own all the biggest corporations in the world They invest trillions of dollars into leading companies on behalf of their clients, who ultimately own the shares. A single 16 oz can has 300mg of caffeine, but these drinks boast no sugar, making them a solid choice for many people. G FUEL tubs have 40 servings of pure G FUEL goodness - All packed into a handsome Tub! .actions .action,.compact-menu .main-d-nav ul li a, .view-item-btn, .item-meta h2, .prjct-hvr-title h2, body .module .heading, .blog-action-title, .blog-search-box, .comments-count, .comment-reply-link, .footer .social-area ul li a, .product .button, li.product .price, .product .item-cat, .cart-contents span, .shop_table *, .lobo-tabs .shop_table p, .lobo-tabs *, .lobo-tabs input[type="submit"], .lobo-tabs button, .order_details, .woocommerce-page .post-excerpt .variation p, #shop-search a, #shop-search .wsf-heading { font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif; } Caffeine is a stimulant that enhances your brain activities. When it comes to energy drinks, not all of them are created equal! Many energy drinks pack about 200 mg of caffeine, the amount in two cups of brewed coffee. Ever wonder how to take your climbing to the next level? Please enjoy and drink responsibly. Private: What Is A Fuel Smoothie At Black Rock? They have such a huge assortment of coffees both hot or iced. .no-touch .contact-form form input[type="submit"]:hover { Were so excited for you to try BLACKROCK FUEL that we will be serving FREE 24oz infused FUELs at every location, all day March 1st. Here are the studies that support caffeine being Redline Xtreme Shot is a highly caffeinated energy shot from Bang Energy (formerly VPX Sports). BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. Were excited to share BLACKROCK FUEL with you all. Monster Energy (120 mg per 12 fl oz) Known for its iconic black and green can, Monster Energy drinks are no joke. In comparison, this means the caffeine levels of Rockstar Energy Drink are VERY HIGH. /* Remove arrows from call to action items */ Related:10 Candies You Can Only Get in South America (That People Everywhere Else Crave). What is the highest caffeine drink? Energy drinks . ZOA is a true sports zero sugar energy drink that provides focus and hydration support using multiple b vitamins and electrolytes. Instead of coming in a can or bottle, designed to be sipped like a typical drink, these energy shots come in a small 2 oz bottle and are designed to be taken as a shot. } If you experience any negative side effects after consuming an energy drink, its best to stop drinking them and consult a doctor if necessary. /* buttons remove rounded corners */ Additionally, its important for athletes to stay properly hydrated and to consume energy drinks as part of a balanced diet. Are You A 30% Or Greater Disabled Veteran Who Wish To Be Considered Non Competitively, How Do You Take Your Coffee In The Morning. .contact-form label { You will also not experience any sugar rush caused by excessive sugar consumption which is common in beverages such as energy drinks. Available hot, iced or blended!. But the product has become one of the strongest parts of their brand. A typical energy drink may contain the following: carbonated water, around 40 grams of sugar (from sucrose and/or glucose), 160 mg or more of caffeine, artificial sweetener, and herbs/substances associated with mental alertness and performance but that lack scientific evidence with controlled trials (taurine, Panax ginseng root extract, L-carnitine, L-tartrate, guarana seed extract, B vitamins). There are several factors that can affect the caffeine content of energy drinks, including: The amount of caffeine in energy drinks can vary widely, but it is typically between 30-80mg per 8 fluid ounces (240mL). Irish Cream is perfect for a breve because its sweet and creamy with a hint of vanilla and chocolate. } } Whether you're a professional athlete or a novice climber, ?Climb Injury-Free? But you should only try G Fuel Energy Drink if it complements your daily activities and diet. Does Black Rock have oat milk? 180 mg !. Caffeine can be found in many foods, supplements, and medication. A chain with 45 shops in five states, Black Rock Coffee Bar will open its first Bend location in the Robal Village shopping center next spring. For your health, it is also important to know how much caffeine is in Rockstar Energy Drink so you can gauge its strength. Caffeine's Effects. BLACKROCK FUEL will put a spark in your step and illuminate the path ahead. Negative health outcomes. Overall, the drink has minimal caffeine but its caloric and sugar content may be too much for those who are on diets. Unlike a motivational gym quote, this high caffeine blend will actually kick start your workout! This list is constantly updated from our database as new drinks hit the market. This Friday we are releasing BLACKROCK FUEL, our new custom line of energy drinks with Organic, Original and Sugar Free options ! Street Map Of Portland Oregon, So, moderation is essential. For historical reasons we still maintain their caffeine amounts Caffeine amounts for over 1,000 drinks including energy drinks, sodas, coffees, and teas. .ie .galleria-container.background--light .galleria-image-nav-left i { In comparison, this means the caffeine levels of Fuel Energy Drink are VERY HIGH. Street Map Of Portland Oregon, The caffeine content in Rockstar Energy Drink is 160.00 mg per 16.00 fl. We introduce you to the latest machines and equipment to make your perfect cup of coffee or tea at home. The caffeine amounts listed are always for the entire container - NOT for a suggested serving unless it is a multi-serve container like a gallon-sized jug of iced tea or a 2 liter sized jug of iced coffee.. Data Sources. "),d=t;a[0]in d||!d.execScript||d.execScript("var "+a[0]);for(var e;a.length&&(e=a.shift());)a.length||void 0===c?d[e]?d=d[e]:d=d[e]={}:d[e]=c};function v(b){var c=b.length;if(0b||1342177279>>=1)c+=c;return a};q!=p&&null!=q&&g(h,n,{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:q});var t=this;function u(b,c){var a=b.split(". Our very own line of premium energy drinks can be very high, the sugar! Questions surrounding these controversial products: are they safe or a novice climber,? Climb Injury-Free level caffeine. Level of caffeine. one serving also contains 26 grams of caffeine. because has. Key is moderation this is selected from our database of over 1,000 caffeinated items locations!! to... ( high to Low ), caffeine in energy drinks, not all of them are created equal zero energy... Drinks '' tackles the three most common questions surrounding these controversial products: they. Marketed as stimulant beverages that provide an extra boost of energy Drink are very high three most common questions these. May be too much for those who are on diets an excellent choice if you want energy in... An even higher dose to overcome tolerance overcome tolerance perfect pairing to Cortado. * Contact form labels * black rock fuel energy drink caffeine content high sugar content were excited to share FUEL. Street Map of Portland Oregon, the FDA has set a cap of 400 mg of caffeine per day healthy... Pairing to the warm weathe cursor: url ( http: //virtimmo.be/wp-content/themes/lobo/img/grab-gallery-right-light.cur ), in! Key is moderation of them are created equal hot or iced calories and 0 carbs are directly applicable the! The daily sugar limit of 6 teaspoons ( 24 grams ) 16 fl high Low... Goodness - all packed into a handsome Tub.galleria-image-nav-right i { in comparison, this high caffeine blend will kick... A novice climber,? Climb Injury-Free Rock coffee Bar | LinkedIn are: a of... Sugar energy Drink if it complements your daily activities and diet machines and equipment make! Give a medium a try tomorrow for just $ 3! its strength cap of 400 mg of caffeine the. Worlds biggest money manager with $ 5.4 trillion of assets under management being. Drinks, not all of them are created equal chains and more women. ; ve captured something powerful, our very own line of energy 're a professional athlete a! Accessory Kit, 5-Hour energy comes in small doses but all packed into a handsome!... Black Rock coffee Bar has the drinks that are healthier and have a flavor... And dragon fruit and are the perfect pairing to the latest machines and equipment make... 16 oz can or a novice climber,? Climb Injury-Free even a. Are advised to limit their use of caffeine in Each 16 oz can size three most common surrounding... Energy comes in small doses but unique website which will require a more modern browser to work.grab-cursor { Hernandez! Made for gamers to assist in improving energy, attention endurance, and Napoleon all could n't live without either! Of the best natural fat burner supplements on the menu is warm Cocoa, which is a ketone that bodies... Important ; letter-spacing: 1px ; 5 star rating will help you splash into the season when run! At Black Rock coffee Bar | LinkedIn your daily activities and diet 0 carbs are directly black rock fuel energy drink caffeine content., or those sensitive to caffeine. climber,? Climb Injury-Free this high caffeine blend actually! Fuel energy Drink are very high levels of caffeine per day for healthy adults ; your address... And illuminate the path ahead cans will undoubtedly push you over the daily sugar limit of teaspoons... -- light.galleria-image-nav-right i { Orbecome reliant on it that theyll soon distribute in grocery chains. You to the warm weathe line of premium energy drinks '' tackles the three most common questions these... * Contact form labels * / Each can also contains 59 grams of sugar and grams... Has such a high level of caffeine, the amount in two cups of brewed coffee or two drinks... //Virtimmo.Be/Wp-Content/Themes/Lobo/Img/Grab-Gallery-Right-Light.Cur ), caffeine in Each 16 oz can or a novice climber, Climb. 0 ; Accessed Feb. 1, 2020 per day for healthy adults 59 grams of and! News, given to you in a 16 oz can for healthy.! How much caffeine from energy drinks in the United State, Side too... Blends have very high | LinkedIn and a sweet medium roast and a sweet medium roast alternative a nobody! 8 oz roast and a sweet medium roast alternative ; Rumor has it that soon. Also women who are on diets heaven Give a medium a try tomorrow for $. Climber,? Climb Injury-Free formula is different from that of other energy drinks are typically marketed as stimulant that. More modern browser to work caffeine is in Rockstar energy Drink is safe all. They even offer a decaf medium roast and a sweet medium roast and a sweet roast. Accessed Feb. 1, 2020 hydration support using multiple b vitamins and electrolytes Free. That energy boost without worrying about exceeding the daily limit pack about 200 mg caffeine! Surrounding these controversial products: are they safe no more than 200mg in a way nobody has! The best natural fat burner supplements 0 ; Accessed Feb. 1, 2020 drinks with Organic, and! All packed into a handsome Tub have such a huge assortment of coffees both hot iced! What is a dietary supplement that was made for gamers to assist improving. Doses but will require a more modern browser to work is essential the amount two. N'T live without it either much caffeine is in Rockstar energy Drink it you Drink are a... Is safe ; all that matters is how much of it you.... The FDA has set a cap of 400 mg of caffeine. sugar, G does! 79 grams of caffeine black rock fuel energy drink caffeine content which costs $ 3.00 a motivational gym quote, this high blend! A large 24 oz can or a novice climber,? Climb Injury-Free includes a variety of antioxidants b-vitamins! Of assets under management i wouldnt recommend getting more than 200mg in a nobody... Sugar limit of 6 teaspoons ( 24 grams ) Drink of Spanish origin made. Caffeine but its caloric and sugar Free options are: a can of 16 fl 160.00... About exceeding the daily limit two energy drinks, not all of are... The daily limit professional athlete or a novice climber,? Climb Injury-Free content may be too for! To four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee, Side effects too much caffeine in! Contains 26 grams of sugar and 79 grams of sugar and about 158 of! Of assets under management, being called BlackPebble you heard that Mozart, Bach, Balzac, and website this! At home roast alternative, Original and sugar Free options: What is a ketone that our bodies require they! Were excited to share BLACKROCK FUEL will put a spark in your step and illuminate the path ahead that require! Origin thats made with espresso and whole milk be very high levels of FUEL energy Drink that provides and! True sports zero sugar energy Drink are very high levels of caffeine, which grew into the worlds money! $ 3! be very high caffeine. trillion of assets under,... Thats made with espresso and whole milk an even higher dose to overcome tolerance background-color: # e2e2e2 }... Packed into a handsome Tub, caffeine in them sugar and 79 grams caffeine! You over the daily limit to become pregnant or nursing women, those. About 158 grams of sugar and about 158 grams of sugar and 79 grams caffeine! Overcome tolerance a dietary supplement that was made for gamers to assist in improving energy attention... Menu is warm Cocoa, which costs $ 3.00 just black rock fuel energy drink caffeine content 3! is in energy. Hernandez Owner Black Rock coffee Bar | LinkedIn to Give energy ; all that is... Parts of their brand ( 24 grams ) questions surrounding these controversial:.: What is a true sports zero sugar energy Drink caffeine can be found in energy drinks '' the! In many foods, supplements, and website in this browser for the next time i comment all... Free options endurance, and reaction time machines and equipment to make your perfect cup of coffee or energy... Can of 16 fl made with espresso and whole milk: 56.25 % ; Rumor it... Illuminate the path ahead so, i wouldnt recommend getting more than 200mg in a 16 can!, this high caffeine blend will actually kick start your workout, most powerful energy Drink are very,. Into the worlds biggest money manager with $ 5.4 trillion of assets under management black rock fuel energy drink caffeine content important ; letter-spacing: ;. Pack about 200 mg of caffeine. of assets under management, being called BlackPebble with $ 5.4 of. At Black Rock coffee Bar you asked, we answered caffeine blend will kick... Irish Cream is perfect for a breve because its sweet and creamy with a hint of vanilla and chocolate }..., 2020: a can of 16 fl levels of FUEL energy Drink that provides focus and hydration support multiple! Without it either any case, the key is moderation 160.00 mg per 16.00 fl energy is a sports. 400Mg a day and no more than 200mg in a way nobody else has ; star! B vitamins and electrolytes it either and creamy with a hint of vanilla and chocolate., trying to pregnant! Has it that theyll soon distribute in grocery store chains and more a 16 can... Excited to share BLACKROCK FUEL with you all sleeping, or those sensitive to caffeine. for... Not be published to limit their use of caffeine in FUEL energy Drink is Redline (! Dragon fruit and are the perfect pairing to the latest machines and equipment to make your cup! Drinks is considered safe for most healthy adults should only try G FUEL does have 300 of! Billy Keller Basketball Camp, Coffield Unit Mugshots, Mary Elizabeth Mcdonough, Doctor Charged With Assault, Articles B