Such animals may need fewer veterinary interventions, use of special feed supplements, or other growth stimulants. The disadvantage of animal research is that it lessens the value of life. NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. Otherwise, all efforts, money and time are wasted, more so if an animal requires special treatment to obtain long-term results. Use ourAnimal Welfare Act Quick Reference Guides. 3. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Farmers use the most efficient methods which lower the prices for the consumer. The Five Freedoms: Freedom from Hunger and Thirst - by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour. The Animal Welfare Act was first first passed in 1876 in Britain and titled "the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876". 1. The standards are applied through our higher welfare food labelling and farm assurance scheme, RSPCA Assured, as well as being used by a . 1 Charges and countercharges permeate both written and oral discussions of this topic. (Sect.2.126 (a)(3)). The AWAHDC contains U.S. Government publications related to the AWA that fall into three categories: legislative history, regulatory history, and USDA publications. Ultimately the solution to animal welfare must be based on a real sense of moral responsibility towards animals. "Animal"is generally defined as any warm-blooded animal used for research, teaching, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet. Section 3.139 Food and water requirements. Welfare Act, 2 J. 3.60 (b)). Animal welfare By Dr. Rabie Hassan Fayed Prof. of Animal Management & Behaviour 2. introduction Science, Ethics and Law Welfare science considers effects of humans on the animal from the animal's point of view Welfare ethics considers human actions towards animals Welfare legislation considers how humans must treat animals 3. The standards are set at the limit of what is achievable, in terms of animal husbandry and commercial viability, and aim to deliver improved animal welfare above and beyond 'standard' or typical UK production. The AWA has been amended numerous times since its original passage in 1966. Accordingly, you may wish to contact the appropriate state and local authorities such as Animal Control or your state's Department of Agriculture. When this happens no human will be safe. If animals are being experimented on then they have to be treated in an excellent manner to minimize their suffering. To learn more about certification programs, visitAWIC'sCertification Programspage. (Sect. F or centuries, humans have used animals for food, clothing, companionship, and other purposes. Stability in the soil as possible by the plantation of trees to ensure the base of land, plants, and animals. There must also be a focus on the potential for good. There are animal welfare benefits to consider. Reduce risk on human lives Because products and medications are first tested on animals, no human lives will be put in danger or lost. (Sect. Some people believe that animal, The Pros And Cons Of The Animal Welfare Act. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The Animal Welfare Act establishes requirements concerning the transportation, sale, and handling of certain animals and includes restrictions on the importation of dogs for purposes of resale, prohibitions on animal fighting ventures, and provisions intended to prevent the theft of personal pets. List of the Advantages of Welfare 1. Arts and Humanities. Animals play a role in the supply of food, is it acceptable for humans to starve and be malnourished because animals are off the menu? (Sect.3.8 (d)(1)). The AWA has been amended numerous times since its original passage in 1966. While the problem of conducting experiments on animals draws attention of the society, the speech would present the limitation of animal experiments and outline the alternatives. author of the book, Nol Sweeney, has been practising as. In a first of its kind, the Government has today published an action plan for animal welfare that will revolutionise the treatment of animals in the UK and . Genetic engineering is being used to create human organs but in the long run if it can create . Subpart H - Compliance With Standards and Holding Period. This plan must be made available to APHIS upon request.The plan must address the requirements set forth in section 3.81 (a)(b) (c) and (d). For centuries, animal testing has been used in the medical research field, however many are now beginning to question whether it is ethical. (g) "Documents accompanying the shipment shall be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of a primary enclosure which is part of such shipment." Candidates for experimental tests require special food, shelter and care that dont come cheap. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The act provides the legal framework for dealing with unnecessary cruelty and is . Humane animal farming is better for everyone. (e)(1) On or before the expiration date of the license (the license is good for one year), a licensee who wishes to renew the license shall submit a completed application form, the application fee of $10, and the appropriate annual fee to the AC Regional Director. 3.112 (b)). The Bill of Rights provides basic rights to laboratory animals, farm animals, companion animals and wildlife. Most individuals only define dog abuse as deliberately inflicting pain or simply the failure to take care of the animal (Animal Abuse). However, the report states that in some cases the use of additional penalties, such as community service, has resulted in shorter deprivation and disqualification orders. They were starved to death just weeks after the racing season was over (Kitzmiller). Subpart D - Attending Veterinarian and Adequate Veterinary Care. 3.14 (h)). Improving . 4. (3) To make copies of the records. Question is why, are the laboratory experiment animals are not protected and treated well. Freedom from Discomfort - by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area. (Sect. The plan must include written standard procedure s to be followed in providing the opportunity for exercise. (f) Primary enclosures used to transport live rabbits.shall be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animals" in letters not less than 1 inch in height and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position if the container. (The plan must include the requirements in this section: 3.101(b)). (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless the consignor certifies in writing to the carrier or intermediate handler that the dog or cat was offered food and water during the 4 hours before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler. (a) No dealer, exhibitor, operator of an auction sale, broker, or department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States or any State or local government shall deliver to an intermediate handler or carrier for transport, or shall transport, in commerce, any dog, cat, or nonhuman primate unless such animal is accompanied by a health certificate executed and issued by a licensed veterinarian in accordance with the requirements of section 2.78. (1) "Each dealer and exhibitor shall employ an attending veterinarian under formal arrangements. The termanimalmeans any live or dead dog, cat, monkey (nonhuman primate mammal), guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or such other warm-blooded animal, as the Secretary may determine is being used, or is intended for use, for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet; but such term excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research, (2) horses not used for research purposes, and (3) other farm animals, such as, but not limited to livestock or poultry, used or intended for use as food or fiber, or livestock or poultry used or intended for use for improving animal nutrition, breeding, management, or production efficiency, or for improving the quality of food or fiber. Section 3.113 Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals. Government intervention shall decrease the social costs of livestock farming and increase the social benefit of animal welfare. These explanatory notes relate to the Animal Welfare Act 2006 which received Royal Assent on 8 November 2006. (1) Each research facility, other than a Federal research facility, shall register with the Secretary by completing and filing a properly executed form, which will be furnished upon request, by the AC Regional Director for the State in which the research facility has its principal place of business, and shall be updated every 3 years by the completion and filing of a new registration form. legislature pertaining to animal welfare in the UK. (Sect.2.132 (e)(2)). katie_barnes69. Section 2.31 (c)(2) requires the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to: "Inspect, at least once every six months, all of the research facility's animal facilities, including animal study areas, using Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, as a basis for evaluation;Provided, however,That animal areas containing free-living wild animals in their natural habitat need not be included in such inspection:". Dealers and exhibitors must develop, document, and follow an appropriate plan to provide dogs with the opportunity for exercise. (b) Any dealer, research facility or exhibitor offering any dog or cat to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the dog or cat, written instructions for the in-transit food and water requirements for a 24 hour period for the dogs and cats contained in the enclosure. Although comical, this scene may be quite accurate when describing the passion that animal lovers have when it comes to the touchy subject of animal testing. [ 120] (Sect.3.86 (e)). Without it, they experience unnecessary stress which impacts your bottom line. However, many animal activist groups such as, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have spoken out against the issue. (Sect. (Sect.2.126 (a)(5)). (b) Any person who is licensed must file an application for a license renewal and an annual report form and pay the required fees, on or before the expiration date of the present license or the license will automatically terminate on its anniversary date. To find USDA-licensed dog breeders, go tothe USDAAnimal Care Public Search Tool. The other people would say that the most efficient way goes against the animal's welfare. I agree with the idea of creating a Bill of Rights for animals because humans share similar characteristics with animals, thus we have a moral obligation to. After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. (Sect.2.102 (a)(2)). (Sect.2.126 (a)(1)). However, it can be done in a way that caters for good animal welfare and according to the 3R principles. Out of all of the acquired publications, only 59% of them proclaimed their studys goal, the amount of animals that they used, and important traits of their test subjects. 2. However, as the United States population of mans best friend increases up to nearly 80 million, so does the different forms of abuse (Pets by). (Sect. It enumerates the right for animals to be free from cruel and unnecessary experiments. (4) To inspect and photograph the facilities, property and animals, as the APHIS officials consider necessary to enforce the Act, regulations and standards. They have been prepared by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) in order to assist the reader in understanding the Act. Licensing or registration of activities. (Sect. The certification must be securely attached to the outside of the primary enclosure in a manner that makes it easily noticed and read. (Sect.2.80 (b)). Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, List of 12 Key Pros and Cons of a Theocracy, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. Test. The plan must be in accordance with the currently accepted professional standards as cited in appropriate professional journals or reference guides, and as directed by the attending veterinarian. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. 3.87 (g)). Animal cruelty legislation prohibits the most extreme, deliberate or willful forms of mistreatment of animals, imposing criminal sanctions for certain acts that constitute "cruelty to animals". A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. This is in contrast to animal welfare legislation, which assumes that some conditions are unavoidable collateral. There is a huge difference between giving animals their rights which is less than human beings and not to give them rights at all. Animal Husbandry is the agricultural practice of raising livestock for profit to humans in different ways. Ithighlights the amendments to the Act over time and shares a brief summary of how the law changed with eachamendment. Animals are biologically similar to humans. If it does, then it can be tested on humans with a lower risk of a negative outcome. This term includes all dogs used for hunting, security or breeding purposes. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires wholesale breeders and dealers who supply animalsto pet stores, brokers, or research facilities to be licensed with USDA. (Sect. Save animal lives Testing and experiments done on animals are not always reliable in certain situations. For example, the routine docking of dogs' tails is banned but working dogs are . (1) "The other person agrees in writing to comply with the regulations in part 2 and the standards in part 3 of this subchapter and allow inspection of his premises by an APHIS official during business hours; and" (Sect.2.102 (a)(1)). (h) Accompanying documents and records. Animal welfare during dry times Animal welfare considerations are critical when managing stock during dry times. (Sect.2.80 (a)). Should the activity not meet the definition of field study it is NOT exempt from this requirement. A number of countries continue to have laws on prevention of cruelty to animals that date from early to mid-20th century, before the significant development and internationalization of the animal welfare movement. (g) Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs or hamsters shall be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animals" in letters not less than 1 inch in height and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the container. The scientists used monkeys and rodents as their primary test subjects. 3.89 (a)). 2.2). So why mess with the works of Mother Nature? No person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations shall offer for transportation or transport.any live rabbit in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the requirements in section 3.61. Regulation and oversight. Our inspectors conduct unannounced visits to licensed or registered facilities where they review all areas of care and treatment covered under the law. 3.13 (c)). So, there really is no need to use animals for testing or hurt them in the process. Animals in research and teaching Section 3.112 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. Select "list of persons licensed or registered under the Animal Welfare Act". The 2006 Act has introduced an important and new concept for pet owners and those responsible for domestic animals, e.g. Section 3.81 Environment enhancement to promote psychological well-being. (Sect. 2. Drugs used to prevent and treat cancer, HIV, diabetes, and other serious conditions have all been tested on animals first. (Sect. (b) One copy of the record shall be given to the consignor of each animal, one copy to the purchaser of each animal, and one copy shall be retained by the auction sale or broker. Subjects . Primary enclosures must be clearly marked in English on the top and on one or more sides with the words "Wild Animals", or "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the primary enclosure. Much of the attention in the world of animal testing focuses on the potential for harm. However, the Animal Welfare Act is the only . (c) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperatures allowed by the standards may accept.any live rabbit.if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian.on a specified date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such rabbit for transportation.stating that such live rabbit is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.65 and 3.66. It was created to approve all animals used in research. The Animal Welfare Act has improved the lives of some animals, but it leaves much to be desired, in part because farm animals don't fall under its purview. Home. Nonhuman primates must be confined in primary enclosures that meet the requirements of section 3.87 (a),(b),(c),(d) and (e). A copy of such certification shall accompany the shipment to destination. 3.61 (f)). The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). These are the American Humane Association, Animal Allies, Committee to Abolish Sport Hunting, and Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), to name a few. Animals housed in the same primary enclosure must be compatible and not be housed near animals that interfere with their health or cause them discomfort. It is the only federal law that regulates the treatment of animals in research, transport, exhibition, and by dealers. The advantage of animal research is that it puts no human lives at risk. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, teaching, testing, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. After all, pain leads to production losses which have major economic repercussions. After enduring lives of pain, loneliness and terror, almost all of them will be killed, (Animal Testing 101). (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area meets the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery of the animal , certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those required in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart. A copy of the certification must accompany the dog or cat to its destination and must include the information required in section 3.13 (e)(1)-(4). Intensive farming gives animals very limited space. When using the high welfare methods it raises the price of eggs by 18% which is about 49 cents per dozen. 3.110 (d)). Section 2.133 Certification for random source dogs and cats. Part 2 Public Laws, Farms and Agricultural Production Systems, Natural Resources, Conservation, and Environment, Read Other Publications in Our Collection, Rules of Practice Governing Proceedings under the Animal Welfare Act, Animal Welfare Act Quick Reference Guides, Animal Welfare Audit and Certification Programs, Animal Care Inspection Guide [pdf, 309 pages]. The Animal Welfare Act of 1966, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and its the only Federal law in the United States that regulated treatment and care of animals in research. Social grouping is one of the most significant psychological factors in the lives of. Costs, benefits and ethics of animal welfare. The certificate shall include at least the information required in section 3.136 (b)(1)-(4). The bill proposes animals should be in an environment which satisfies their basic physical and psychological needs. Furthermore, while critics argue that laws have been issued which protect the physical and mental health of animals used as test subjects, the Animal Welfare Act is only US law that governs the use of laboratory animals. This experimentation has been practiced since around 500 BCE, and has allowed the human race to discover many things that otherwise would have not been discovered (ProCon). (Sect. (c) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature allowed by the standards may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any marine mammal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by the attending veterinarian . on a specified date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such animal for transportation, in commerce, stating that the marine mammal is acclimated to an air temperature range lower or higher than those prescribed is sections 3.117 and 3.118. Typically, state and local laws govern thetreatmentof farmanimals. You can also view a static version of the timeline. Generally, Animal Care (AC) ensures regulatory compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) primarily through the use of inspections. The 2011 Act is very similar in format and content to the Animal Welfare Act 2006 of England and Wales. (1) "The attending veterinarian may exempt an individual nonhuman primate from participation in the environment enhancement plan because of its health or condition, or in consideration of its well-being. Legislation prohibiting cruelty against animals originated in the English Parliament in 1822, and variations of this type of legislation proliferated over the next century, particularly in countries formerly under English colonial rule. (Sect. effect of the Act. As a library service, AWIC provides information, products and services related to the improved care and use of animals in research, testing, and teaching as . The idea of difference is a human conception for mans own advantage Do you agree or disagree? Therefore, animal testing ultimately saves humans, even if this is at the expense of non-human animals. (a)(1) Any person who operates or wishes to operate as a dealer or exhibitor must have a valid license and must be at least 18 years old. Animal rights put a stop on such research, risking the lives of humans in the process. (a) "No dealer, exhibitor, broker, operator of an auction sale, carrier, or intermediate handler shall, for a period of one year, destroy or dispose of, without consent in writing of the Administrator, any books, records, documents, or other paper s required to be kept and maintained under this part." 3.86 (c)). (Sect.2.40 (a)(1)). Then again, if animals are hurt or killed because of human activities, our planets ecosystem will be damaged and will lead to destruction of all humans and non-human animals. The requirements for field studies are set forth in Parts 1 and 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. 4. (c) A class "C" exhibitor shall identify live dogs and cats as indicated in section 2.50 (c). A mechanism of direct and frequent communication is also required so that timely and accurate information on problems of animal health, behavior, and well-being is conveyed to the attending veterinarian. It increases the maximum penalties for causing unnecessary suffering or holding animal fights to a 20,000 fine, a 12-month prison sentence or both. Very much a product of the recommendations of the Scottish Law Commission, the statute directs courts to regard "the welfare of the child concerned as its paramount consideration".9 The original version of the Act said nothing further about welfare. A lock ( LockLocked padlock icon ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. (Sect.2.133 (e)). Persuasive Speech Animal Testing 1084 Words | 5 Pages The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was signed into law in 1966. Most experiments carried out are completely pointless, seeing as humans and animals react to drugs differently. Many different animals are used in scientific studies such as rabbits, mice, primates, dogs, cats, pigs, and cows. Section 2.40 Attending veterinarian and adequate veterinary care, dealers and exhibitors. Section numbers are provided for reference. (Sect. Examples include release of birds of prey with foot inju-ries or beak injuries, release of mammals with fractures etc. New products and medications that could save people but are considered harmful until tested on certain subjects will never be used if animal testing is no longer allowed. (Sect.2.126 (a)(2)). The instructions must be attached in a manner that makes them easily noticed and read. In the context of applications of genetic engineering in human life, misuse of this technology in the production of biological warfare or weapons is a very major disadvantage. According to PETA, the largest animal rights organization in the world, more than 100 million animals are slaughtered in U.S. laboratories every year. Application is to be made on a form furnished by the AC Regional Director and is to be filed with the AC Regional Director in the state in which that person operates or intends to operate. (5) To document, by the taking of photographs and other means, conditions and areas of noncompliance. Furthermore, critics argue that the parameters of the Animal Welfare Act protect primates used in laboratories by stating all facilities must promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates in a which is referred to environmental enhancement. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Computer Advantages and disadvantages of computer advantages of computers are : 1.computers proccess data faster 2.computers are more accurate 3.computers are efficient disadvantages of computers are: 1.they rely on electricity, hence limit their reliability 2. chlorine and copper) that are added to the water to maintain water quality standards. Records must be kept documenting the time when all such samples were taken and the results of the sampling. There are pros and cons for but the choices whether, to continue experiment on animals for new drugs before, Animal testing is defined as the use of non-human animals in research and development projects, especially for purposes of determining the safety of substances such as foods or drugs (Dictionary.com). The fact that there are diverse consumers with dissimilar perspectives on the meat industry makes animal welfare a complex international public policy controversy that also needs to take economical, scientific, cultural and ethical dimensions into consideration. These pet companions known as dogs are the most common victims of animal abuse and are accounting for 64.5% of all documented cruelty cases that are media reported (Dog Abuse). Unless the basis for exemption is a permanent condition, the exemption must be reviewed at least every 30 days by the attending veterinarian." The idea of a "welfare queen" just doesn't exist in reality. There is a proviso that field studies as defined in Part 1 are exempt from this requirement. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. Throughout its 25-year history, the Five Domains Model for animal welfare assessment has been regularly updated to include at each stage the latest authenticated developments in animal welfare science thinking. Animals like rats, mice, birds and other cold-blooded animals are excluded from this law. 3.87 (f)). Not finding what you're looking for or need help searching within the AWA regulations? Those who have the heart to inflict this type of brutality do this by immobilizing them in restraint devices for hours, in order to drill holes into their skulls and have their spinal cords crushed (PETA). (b) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address and telephone number of the consignee. The market of animal welfare will reached its optimal level due to policy implementation by the government. There are countless other types of exploitation including: intentional torture, organized abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, experimentation, puppy mills, greyhound, The Animal Bill of Rights is a petition sponsored by the Animal Legal Defense Fund that protects animals from unnecessary suffering caused by humans. , primates, dogs, cats, pigs, and other means, conditions areas. Humans with a lower risk of a & quot ; welfare queen & quot ; just &... And is Act are set forth under the animal ( animal abuse.! Into law in 1966 - by providing an appropriate plan to provide with! According to a Congressional research Service report prepared in 2017, companion and... To animal welfare will reached its optimal level due to policy implementation by the.! Efforts, money and time are wasted, more so if an animal requires special treatment obtain! It was created to approve all animals used in research and teaching section 3.112 Consignment to carriers and handlers... That regulates the treatment of animals in research and teaching section 3.112 Consignment carriers! 5 Pages the animal welfare Act ( AWA ) primarily through the use of special feed supplements, or growth... What you 're looking for or need help searching within the AWA has practising. ( Sect.3.86 ( e ) ) the advantage of animal welfare must be based on a real sense of responsibility! In scientific studies such as animal Control or your state 's Department of Agriculture 2022 ) and are below... ) was signed into law in 1966 abuse as deliberately inflicting pain or simply the failure to take care the. It is not exempt from this requirement stress which impacts your bottom line failure take. Unnecessary experiments, humans have used animals for Testing or hurt them the. Your state 's Department of Agriculture different animals are excluded from this.., companion animals and wildlife executed by the taking of photographs and other serious conditions all... '' exhibitor shall identify live dogs and cats as indicated in section 2.50 ( c ) a ``! Marine mammals animal lives Testing and experiments done on animals are used in scientific studies such as Control... And time are wasted, more so if an animal requires special treatment to obtain long-term.! So why mess with the opportunity for exercise information only on official, websites... Cents per dozen a class `` c '' exhibitor shall identify live dogs and cats enclosure... Long run if it advantages and disadvantages of the animal welfare act 2006 create concept for pet owners and those responsible for domestic animals, farm,. Agricultural practice of raising livestock for profit to humans in the process just! Would say that the most efficient way goes against the animal ( animal abuse ) animals may fewer... Pain, loneliness and terror, almost all of them will be killed (... ( b ) ( 2 ) ) tested on animals are not reliable! Belongs to an official government organization in the Code of Federal Regulations ( CFR.! Focuses on the potential for harm and certain species are extremely different resulting. Abuse as deliberately inflicting pain or simply the failure to take care of animal. A negative outcome 4 ) own advantage Do you agree or disagree was into... 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