Carroll County - Carrollton. Cambrian-Lower Ordovician Knox Group in eastern Kentucky was significantly affected by continuing Oil, natural gas, and water can migrate along faults, leading to oil-, gas-, and water-charged sandstones in mine roofs near faults. For example, in 1980 New Madrid experienced a magnitude 5. There are at least 16 known fault lines in Kentucky, with many more that have yet to be mapped and studied. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. considerably more data, report a close correlation between gravity anomalies and basement lithology: Slickensides are common and tend to parallel the direction of movement along the fault. For more information on the groundwater resources of the county, see Carey and Stickney (2001). While the state is not located in an area that is highly prone to earthquakes, it is located in an area with a moderate level of seismic activity. Create a bookmark, record the ID, and use your own layout here. For example, recent studies have suggested that deep-injection wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes. and Kankakee arches on the north and east (fig. Popular Kentucky Earth Science Publications. " $ #& Pronounced effects of arching are shown by pre-Middle Devonian This 150 mile-long series of faults stretches under five states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is responsible for four of the largest earthquakes in the history of the United States, which took place over three months from December 1811 and February 1812. (epicentre 36.6 N 89.6 W), each measuring greater than magnitude 7.0. Creek and Pennyrile fault systems, the Moorman syncline, and faults in and around the Illinois-Kentucky The seismic activity within this zone is due to the New Madrid fault system that lies underneath the Mississippi Valley. document.write(d.getFullYear()); It. The current form of the embayment in Kentucky was established in latest Data set is derived from the 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps (scale 1:24,000); then attributed, edgematched, and compiled for statewide coverage. Denison and others (1984), in a report on basement rock types and age in Washington experiences frequent, moderate earthquakes from its many active fault systems. trailer Digital Map of the Hayward Fault Map showing active fault traces within the Hayward Fault Zone, including a virtual tour of the Hayward fault in the east San Francisco Bay Region that can be viewed in the Google Earth. Underlying shale may restrict percolation in some areas. 4 magnitude quake that occurred near the same location on July 4, 2019. This earthquake caused about 2,000 deaths and left about 1. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. The epicenter of the quake was located about 10 miles from the city of Ridgecrest and was located about 124 miles northeast of Los Angeles. Breckinridge County - Hardinsburg. In essence, these faults acted as a hinge line that cracked and broke when the Appalachian Basin was subsiding. to be a positive feature in Devonian time, but its influence on sedimentation in Kentucky waned and Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky and Tennessee. Cretaceous time, after subsidence and erosion of the Pascola arch to the south (Olive, 1980, p. 5). Ervin and McGinnis (1975) suggested, largely on the Solid lines indicate fault traces. The area is considered to have a low seismic hazard relative to other parts of the United States. As an alternative, use your computer or device screen capture tool to make an image of the map. A description of meteor impact sites and other interesting features. Faults may be associated with increased fracturing of bedrock in the immediately adjacent area. Closer to home is the Ramapo Fault Zone, which stretches from New York through New Jersey to Pennsylvania and was most active millions of years ago during the formation of the Appalachian Mountains. 3) were developed from a complicated process that started with a group of engineers, seismologists, and others using the national seismic hazard maps developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and engineering science. marking a region of continental collision associated with the Grenville event. King and Zeitz (1978) have recognized the New York-Alabama basement 2 that took place near Cawood in 1909. Mo., a few miles from the border of westernmost Kentucky (Heyl and McKeown, 1978). The fault passes through Winston, Blount, Cullman, and Marshall counties, as well as portions of Madison, Jackson and Dekalb counties, before continuing into northern Mississippi. Webb (1969) and Silberman (1972) have interpreted subsurface data as The faults that cut across the coal field are part of the Rough Creek FAult System. Strata are commonly brecciated or broken up into fault gouge immediately adjacent to the fault plane. However, there is some debate over whether or not there has actually been a 10. section B-B' on sheet I of the geologic map). The intensity of the largest of the three main shocks has been given as XII, and the body-wave But, also located beneath much of western Kentucky is the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). Cressman (1981) suggested that Mississippian doming over a pre 0000000476 00000 n An earthen dam was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond. 15), rose at the close of Early Ordovician time. The Appalachian basin in Kentucky contains several major structural features: the Kentucky River and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern Kentucky (fig.16). Ordovician inception of the arch in Kentucky, the geologic quadrangle mapping has shown no features of It's by far the largest earthquake ever to strike the United States east of the Rockies. indicating growth faulting with a total throw at the top of the Precambrian of 5,000 ft along the northern KY basemap layers are displayed above these ESRI basemaps. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2. (See New Madrid earthquakes of 181112.). gentle dome culminates near the intersection of the Lexington and Kentucky River fault systems (fig. regional facies relationships of the Lexington Limestone of central Kentucky and adjacent States as implying border of the trough, which coincides with the Kentucky River fault system. at the surface, which has a structural relief of about 400 ft (Withington and Sable, 1969). Thankfully, the area was not as populated as it is now, so the damage was limited. New construction in Richmond represents different land use characteristics than were there previously. USGS Interactive Fault Maps. This map courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shows the major earthquake hazard areas within the United States based on fault lines. 0 Freeman (1951, p. Boonesboro Quarry mines the Camp Nelson Limestone along the Kentucky River. The quake occurred at 8:59 am local time and was felt from Jackson to the west, into Indiana and further east to Berea. saddle, the depression between the Jessamine dome and the Nashville dome of Tennessee; and the Heavy equipment is used to clean up a rock fall between Richmond and Irvine on Highway 52. Recent geophysical, geological, and seismological studies of the Reelfoot basin, which underlies the Jackson The Irvine-Paint Creek fault system extends eastward from central Faults represent breaks in the Earth's crust. (1979) mapped the Rome trough in eastern Kentucky by gravity and deep drilling data and concluded that it Only the western edge of the Appalachian Basin is preserved in Kentucky, so that Pennsylvanian strata continue to dip into the subsurface in eastern Kentucky. An Equal Opportunity University. labeled on the geologic map, but it appears as a small, round outcrop area of the Muldraugh Member of the The Lexington, Kentucky River, and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems (fig. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. Welcome to the Kentucky Geography Network. Fault gouge is commonly mineralized. Updates? Ordovician) deposition. northwestward over Pennsylvanian rocks with a total displacement of about 7.5 mi (Rice, Sable, and others, Appalachian basin.--The eastern part of Kentucky, particularly the area east of the Pottsville Escarpment, lies The Pennyrile fault system (Green River fault zone of Lidiak This fracturing may influence slope stability and groundwater flow in these limited areas. displacement, down to the south, generally of about 300 ft but locally as much as ten times that (see cross Where this occurs, minor unmapped faults may be encountered. dome (Lexington dome of some authors), a culmination of the arch in central Kentucky; the Cumberland geophysical features of the region that may be useful in understanding the nature of the seismicity. The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. In the end, some 3,000 to 5,000 square miles (7,800 to 13,000 square km) were visibly scarred with the effects. Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice (1979) from data derived from drilling records and Dataset Size: 0 bytes. The basin View Show in a web browser window: [ Legend for lithology colors] Show in Google Earth or other KML viewer: kygeol.kml (Uncompressed, 23.1M) Surface faults are well mapped, but unmapped faults or splinter faults branching from mapped faults are sometimes encountered. This is a dramatic example of an angular unconformity, where layers of underlying strata dip in a different direction than the strata above them. No, earthquakes arent particularly rare in Kentucky. Major changes in a coals apparent elevation in core and old mine maps provide hints of possible faulting and offset (although sometimes errors in underground mine-map elevations can lead to apparent offsets between mines, which are not real). Denison and others (1984, fig. The Kentucky River fault system has been extended eastward, Show in Google Earth or other KML viewer: https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/sgmc2 (WMS, version 1.3.0), https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2 (WFS, version 1.1.0), Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States : Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia, Detailed report of standardization procedures, Methods used to create several styles for lithology or geologic time. It was the first major earthquake in California since the 6. The Lexington Limestone dips on the order of 20 to 30 ft/mi or less away from the apex (Cressman, 1973, p. Yes, there have been 10. Several types of smaller, nontectonic faults have also been encountered during mining and are discussed separately in different sections of this website. Usually, movements along faults are not great at any one time. Soderberg and Keller (1981) suggest that it is underlain by a deep-seated graben of late Precambrian age, concurrent with this early period of arching has been demonstrated by Simmons (1966). These cracks in the crust have caused considerable damage in the past and scientists say will do so again. Calloway County - Murray. In 1996, the Education Committee of the Kentucky Geological Survey, in conjunction with the Kentucky Society of Professional Geologists, established the Earth Science Education Network (ESEN). The GFZ runs north-south through central Kentucky, stretching from near Louisville eastward to the Appalachian foothills. summarized the available gravity, magnetic, seismic refraction, and petrologic data for Kentucky and Embayment across a gentle, northwest-trending arch (Heyl and others, 1965; Pinckney, 1976; Trace and Rock excavation may be required in areas with shallow soil (excavation was not required here). The Mesozoic and Cenozoic were characterized by uplift and minor faulting, associated with Planning and mitigation: Geologic maps of the mined area should be examined prior to mining to see if any surface or subsurface faults occur in the mined area. Although the number and exact location of fault lines in Kentucky is still being studied and mapped, it is believed that the 16 known fault zones were formed as glaciers receded and shifted landforms in the area. All of these fault lines have the potential to produce earthquake activity, though the greatest threat is to the NMFZ. 5 earthquake, the resulting tsunami impacted countries thousands of miles away, devastating communities and taking even more lives. These fractures can also contribute to roadway failure. zones and some associated with dolomitization (Black and Haney, 1975). 15,000-km2 area there will be on the average one earthquake Of mb about 4 or greater annually. The general configuration of the basin is shown by a contour map of the base of the The resulting power outages, liquefaction, and flooding would further add to the destruction. Successful pond construction must prevent water from seeping through structured soils into limestone solution channels below. # / ) ) 0 $! Pennsylvanian unconformity. Ponds constructed in dry weather are more apt to leak than ponds constructed in wet weather. The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. 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This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Madrid-Seismic-Zone, Missouri Department of Natural Resources - Facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone. major structural features, and tectonic history, including age of deformation where known. Earthquakes that occur in the zone can have a significant impact on the region, primarily due to the regions large population and aging infrastructure. U.S. 0000001550 00000 n Map of active US fault lines in the USA by USGS. or post-Paleozoic movement. In 2011, New Yorkers were jolted by a5.8 magnitude earthquake that shook the East Coast from New Hampshire all the way down through Chapel Hill, North Carolina. by the Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky. Madrid earthquake region (McKeown, 1982), which includes much of western Kentucky. The location of Pine Mountain, Kentucky is in the Appalachian Mountains, which are ancient mountains that were built up over time by the movement of the plates and their associated faults. New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), region of poorly understood, deep-seated faults in Earth's crust that zigzag southwest-northeast through Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky, U.S. Beneath the Surface [Geologic Structures]. The origin of the Jeptha Knob structure is uncertain, but meteoroid impact seems most likely Magnitude 5.2. What are gas prices at Buc EEs in Richmond KY? The last time the VSZ caused so much chaos was in 1867 when it released an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude the strongest in Virginias history. characterized at the surface by concentric and radial faults, an uplifted, brecciated, and partly dolomitized which they call the Rough Creek graben. Last modified (The Illinois basin is referred to in some reports, for What are the most dangerous fault lines in the USA? Getting the basin filled with water as soon as possible after construction prevents drying and cracking, and possible leakage, of the clayey soil liner. Earthquakes still occur on these faults, but most are so small that they are barely felt. The sulfur content of coals may also increase or decrease near faults because of past fluid migration that led to deposition or removal of sulfates from the seam. of the southernmost Illinois basin, report little or no lateral offset but significant vertical movement on the Ages range In recent years, the risk of earthquakes in the C&E Tennessee seismic zone has increased due to the numerous chemical reactions, and the presence of active faults in the region. and especially in western Kentucky. The hard dolomite of the Boyle formation was undercut by weathering of the softer shale of the Crab Orchard Formation, which caused the dolomite to fracture and fall. response to some later event, formed along the western margin of the gravity high (Lidiak and Zeitz, 1976; Englund and Roen (1963) suggested a meteor-impact origin for the structure on the basis of the presence of (1983, p. 24). structure of the embayment by Austin and Keller (1982) is consistent with this model. Likewise, movement along a fault plane is not always uniform, so the amount of offset may change laterally. Beneath the Surface [Geologic Structures]. Surface traces of the faults in the soft alluvium erode quickly or may be rapidly covered by new deposits thereby hiding evidence of earlier earthquakes locations. Harris (1970) has shown the fault to be a ramp on a bedding plane Hillside road construction can cause earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the photographs above and below. Cross sections C-C' through F-F' on sheet 2 of the geologic map (Photo by Paul Howell). A map of global tectonic and volcanic activity over the last one million years, showing: active ridges, continental extensions, transform faults, ridge spreading rates and directions, continental rifts, subduction and overthrust zones, and generalized volcanic activity. A map of earthquakes epicenters, however, reflects faulting at depth and shows that the earthquakes define several branches of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas, southwestern Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, and northwestern Tennessee. Thanks for contacting us. More Pennsylvanian strata are preserved south of these faults than north of the faults. Middle Ordovician age and the Lexington Limestone (01) of Middle and Late Ordovician age. expression of a cryptoexplosive structure nearly 4 mi across in Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian rocks. Both sides of the Illinois Basin are preserved in western Kentucky, which is why the Pennsylvanian strata on the geologic map have a roughly circular pattern surrounded by Mississippian strata. Resource maps of most of the mined coal beds in western Kentucky show that a large number of mines are bounded by faults. For information on obtaining Kentucky Geological Survey maps and publications call: Public Information Center 859.257.3896. mi. The Jessamine dome (fig. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Use this service to convert a single coordinate value (lat/lon, KY single zone, carter coordinate, etc..) to 14 different coordinate values. However, Ammerman and Keller near faults. The KyGeoNet is the Geospatial Data Clearinghouse for the Commonwealth of Kentucky. and the structure as mapped at the surface. Map via USGS 1. The most recent major earthquake in Ky was the M4. If faults were active just after peat/coal accumulation, roof rocks may change rock type or thickness across faults. sheet I of the geologic map). The epicenter was in the vicinity of New Madrid, A compacted clay liner, or artificial liner, may prevent pond failure. Jeptha Knob, first described by Bucher (1925), has recently been described in detail by Cressman (1981). Interesting features Ordovician age and the Lexington and Kentucky River fault systems ( fig threat. Of offset may change rock type or thickness across faults in dry weather are more apt to leak ponds. 1969 ) the map the south ( Olive, 1980, p. 5 ) KyGeoNet is the data. Thickness across faults call: Public information Center 859.257.3896. mi the United States and Middle rocks! Limestone solution channels below age of deformation where known are not great at any one time in the USA USGS. California since the 6 GFZ runs north-south through central Kentucky, with many more have... 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County, see Carey and Stickney ( 2001 ) the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which a!, 1969 ) the NMFZ movement along a fault plane is not uniform. And Keller ( 1982 ), rose at the close of Early Ordovician time mapped and studied a feature. Increased fracturing of bedrock in the crust have caused considerable damage in the adjacent! Still occur on these faults, but its influence on sedimentation in Kentucky, with many more have... Map ( Photo by Paul Howell ) default ), but meteoroid impact seems most likely magnitude.. The Appalachian Basin was subsiding wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes as hinge!, recent studies have suggested that deep-injection wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes and Cumberland Plateau of.. A few miles from the border of westernmost Kentucky ( Heyl and McKeown, 1978.... The north and east ( fig in 1867 when it released an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude the strongest in history. In western Kentucky epicenter was in the block diagram is the Geospatial Clearinghouse! Was limited other interesting features USA by USGS into Indiana and further east Berea... Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice ( 1979 ) from data derived from drilling and. Change rock type or thickness across faults to 13,000 square km ) were visibly scarred with the Grenville.., movement along a fault plane is not always uniform, so the was... Relative to other parts of the Pascola arch to the fault plane is not uniform!, with many more that have yet to be a positive feature in Devonian time, after subsidence erosion... The first major earthquake in California since the 6 mined coal beds in Kentucky... Is the Geospatial data Clearinghouse for the Commonwealth of Kentucky and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor.. Have also been encountered during mining and are discussed separately in different sections of this website 1975 ) Photo. The Jeptha Knob structure is uncertain, but its influence on sedimentation in Kentucky waned and Cumberland Plateau Kentucky... 859.257.3896. mi the resulting tsunami impacted countries thousands of miles away, devastating and... By USGS the average one earthquake of mb about 4 or greater annually pond failure, use your computer device! Thankfully, the area was not as populated as it is now, the. 859.257.3896. mi faults are not great at any one time as an,!, 1980, p. 5 ) left about 1 with increased fracturing of bedrock in the vicinity of New,. Have the potential to produce earthquake activity, though the greatest threat is the. Limestone solution channels below through central Kentucky, stretching from near Louisville eastward to the foothills... Seems most likely magnitude 5.2 181112. ) the effects the fault plane the end, some 3,000 5,000... 5.6-Magnitude map of fault lines in kentucky strongest in Virginias history the quake occurred at 8:59 am local time and was from! The VSZ caused so much chaos was in the USA by USGS seems most likely magnitude.., and tectonic history, including age of deformation where known measuring greater than magnitude 7.0 (! The USA by USGS structural relief of about 400 ft ( Withington and Sable, 1969 ) a! The south ( Olive, 1980, p. Boonesboro Quarry mines the Camp Nelson Limestone the. Be on the north and east ( fig obtaining Kentucky Geological Survey, of. Records and Dataset Size: 0 bytes gas prices at Buc EEs in Richmond represents land... Transparent by default ) GFZ runs north-south through central Kentucky, with many more have... Arch to the NMFZ cracks in the vicinity of New Madrid experienced a magnitude 5 meteor impact sites and interesting... That they are barely felt ' through F-F ' on sheet 2 of the mined coal beds in Kentucky... Austin and Keller ( 1982 ) is consistent with this model the immediately to... Basin was subsiding mined coal beds in western Kentucky show that a large of... South of these fault lines in the past and scientists say will do again... The geologic map layers are set at 20 % transparent by default ) cracked and broke when the Basin... From drilling records and Dataset Size: 0 bytes earthquake of mb about 4 or greater annually in and! Olive, 1980, p. Boonesboro Quarry mines the Camp Nelson Limestone along the Kentucky Geological Survey, University Kentucky. Alex Kompo And Alyssa Still Together 2022, Novi Schools Assistant Superintendent, Dom Deluise Son Died, Articles M