The cancer is any size but confined to the thyroid (T1, T2, or T3a). Or, you can call our toll-free number at 1-800-227-2345 to talk to one of our cancer information specialists. Pain in the front of the neck, sometimes going up to the ears. This process is called staging. The cancer can be any size (Any T). Thyroid cancer is diagnosed more often in women than men. 8th ed. If there is cancer, this sugar shows up as hot spots where the cancer is found. Thats not true either, she said. Home Patients Portal Clinical Thyroidology for the Public December 2021 Vol 14 Issue 12 p.13-14, Summaries for the Public from recent articles in Clinical Thyroidology MX: Distant metastasis cannot be evaluated. While pregnant with Charley-Jane, she was acting in the first season of Stargate Universe, so the pregnancy was written into the plot. Or, any localized tumor (T1, T2, or T3) with spread to the central compartment of lymph nodes (N1a) but no distant spread (M0). Available Every Minute of Every Day. What side effects could I have from these treatments? The cancer is any size (Any T) and might or might not have spread to nearby lymph nodes (Any N). What you can change is how you live the rest of your life. Cancer is the most common reason for thyroidectomy. If you would like to be in a clinical trial, start by asking your doctor if your clinic or hospital conducts clinical trials. Most patients with thyroid cancer have the cancer contained in the thyroid at the time of diagnosis. Become a volunteer, make a tax-deductible donation, or participate in a fundraising event to help us save lives. Whether you want to learn about treatment options, get advice on coping with side effects, or have questions about health insurance, were here to help. doi:10.3322/caac.21591. For papillary or follicular thyroid cancer, staging also depends on the age of the patient. Ask your doctor to use this picture to show you where your cancer is. There are several types, including differentiated thyroid cancers (papillary, follicular, and Hrthle cell cancers), sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid cancers, and undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid cancers. V.3.2018. Most thyroid cancers are called "differentiated," which means the cancer cells tend to look a lot like normal cells. Knowing the stage helps the doctor recommend the best kind of treatment, and it can help predict a patient's prognosis. A biopsy will tell if it's cancer or not. To make a diagnosis of thyroid cancer, your doctor will do a biopsy by removing some thyroid tissue and checking it for cancer cells. 10th ed. Thyroid cancers range from stages I (1) through IV (4). If your cancer does come back at some point, your treatment options will depend on the where the cancer is, what treatments youve had before, and your current health and preferences. Possible side effects of thyroid surgery include: Your thyroid gland absorbs nearly all the iodine in your body. As a rule, the lower the number, the less the cancer has spread. For many people with thyroid cancer, treatment may remove or destroy the cancer. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS STUDY? T4b: The tumor has spread beyond the regions in T4a (above). (M1). What does it take to outsmart cancer? Once a persons T, N, and M categories have been determined, this information is combined in a process called stage grouping to assign an overall stage. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), also known as undifferentiated carcinoma, is a rare, highly aggressive malignant tumor accounting for 2% to 3% of all thyroid gland neoplasms. If youre thinking about taking any type of nutritional supplement, talk to your health care team. Follow what you have been told to do for low blood sugar. In: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. T1: The tumor is 2 centimeters (cm) or smaller and limited to the thyroid. The familial type usually shows up in both lobes of your thyroid when you're a child or young adult. Most patients with thyroid cancer have some type of surgery. September 24, 2014 [Epub ahead of print]. Node (N): Has the tumor spread to the lymph nodes? The American Cancer Society offers programs and services to help you during and after cancer treatment. Stage IVB: This stage describes a tumor that has spread beyond nearby structures (T4b), regardless of spread to lymph nodes (any N), but no distant spread (M0). Our team is made up of doctors andoncology certified nurses with deep knowledge of cancer care as well as journalists, editors, and translators with extensive experience in medical writing. Cancer.org is provided courtesy of the Leo and Gloria Rosen family. Here you'll find in-depth information on specific cancer types including risk factors, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment options. This is very common concern if you have had cancer. Another hormone produced by the thyroid gland is calcitonin, which helps the body control calcium balance. To see other pages, use the menu. You may have heard other people say that their cancer was stage 1 or stage 2. Your doctor will want to find out the stage of your cancer to help decide what type of treatment is best for you. They compare standard treatments with others that may be better. They may be indications of other medical conditions such as inflammation of the thyroid gland . Accessed at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21591 on June 9, 2020. And if you do sign up for a clinical trial, you can always stop at any time. Cancer Information, Answers, and Hope. But the large differences by sex in the number of these cancers found during life versus after death indicate that many thyroid cancers found in women would very likely never have caused any problems. Such cancers are rarely fatal. Weve invested more than $5 billion in cancer research since 1946, all to find more and better treatments, uncover factors that may cause cancer, and improve cancer patients quality of life. Search instead in Creative? When her parents moved to Dallas, Texas, she saw the opportunity to live in the United States and enroll in college, leaving modeling behind. A centimeter is roughly equal to the width of a standard pen or pencil. N1a: Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes around the thyroid (called the central compartment; the pretracheal, paratracheal, and prelaryngeal lymph nodes). As a rule, the lower the number, the less the cancer has spread. If you have thyroid cancer, the doctor will want to find out how far it has spread. Multi-organ distant metastases are predictive of poor overall survival as these patients had a three-fold higher risk of death than patients with single-organ metastases. For more information see Cancer Staging. Whether you or someone you love has cancer, knowing what to expect can help you cope. It's not something you're likely to notice on your own. Doctors also use a cancer's stage when talking about survival statistics. CT or CAT scan: Its a special kind of x-ray that takes detailed pictures of the thyroid and can show if the cancer has spread. Go to all your follow-up appointments, and tell your medical team about any new or returning symptoms. For more general information on recurrence, see Understanding Recurrence. Eventually she moved to Los Angeles, where she added more television credits to her resume. Side effects depend on the type of radiation thats used. This is because most thyroid cancers grow slowly and can come back even 10 to 20 years after treatment. Specific tumor stage information is listed below. Here you'll find in-depth information on specific cancer types including risk factors, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment options. Chapter 82: Thyroid Tumors. Scientists don't know exactly what causes thyroid cancer, but there are certain things that appear to make people more likely to get it, such as: Even if surgery and other treatments get rid of your thyroid cancer cells, you'll need to go back to the doctor to check if the cancer has returned. For those with a low-risk, small papillary cancer that was treated by removing only one lobe of the thyroid, routine physical exams by your doctor, thyroid ultrasounds and thyroid blood tests are typical. Use the menu to choose another section to continue reading this guide. Cancer recurrence: this occurs when the cancer comes back after an initial treatment that was successful in destroying all detectable cancer at some point. It might or might not have spread to nearby lymph nodes (Any N). Thyroid cancer might not cause any symptoms at first. They may work even if other treatment doesnt. The 5-year survival was 77.6% in patients with single-organ metastasis and 15.3 % in patients with multi-organ metastases. Most patients with thyroid cancer have an excellent prognosis, even if there is spread outside of the neck at the time of diagnosis. This is very common concern if youhave had cancer. Then, the longer youre cancer-free, the less often the visits are needed. 2021 Thyrotropin suppression for papillary thyroid cancer: A physician survey study. About 30% will have metastatic cancer, with most having spread of the cancer to the lymph nodes in the neck and only 1-4% having spread of the cancer outside of the neck to other organs such as the lungs and bone. Blood tests: Blood tests alone cant tell if a thyroid lump is cancer. It gives off sound waves and picks up the echoes as they bounce off the thyroid gland. And molecular tests are becoming available that can help determine whether a small thyroid mass is more or less likely to contain cancer. There are four types of thyroid cancer: papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. Others may want to have a needle biopsy and make decisions based on those results. NX: The regional lymph nodes cannot be evaluated. Yet other times thyroid cancer may be found during an ultrasound test for other health problems. To get a fuller picture of the differences in thyroid cancer diagnoses by sex, Dr. Davies and her colleagues looked at the incidence of and deaths from all types of thyroid cancer recorded in NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database between 1975 and 2017. At the peak of this trend, in 2013, about 22 cases of thyroid cancer were diagnosed per 100,000 women, compared with only about 8 per 100,000 men. Most people feel fine, but some might not feel as well as they did before surgery, Dr. Haymart said. See Clinical Trials to learn more. How does the doctor know I have thyroid cancer? A scout for a modeling agency instead recruited Huffman, and she was set to model in high fashion runways in Europe and Japan for the following years. Is there a clinical trial that might be right for me? The cancer is larger than 2 cm [0.8 inches] across but no larger than 4 cm and confined to the thyroid (T2). If signs are pointing to thyroid cancer, more tests will be done. THE FULL ARTICLE TITLE: We also partner with CaringBridge, a free online tool that helps people dealing with illnesses like cancer stay in touch with their friends, family members, and support network by creating their own personal page where they share their journey and health updates. There are some newer drug treatments called targeted therapy that may be used for certain types of thyroid cancer. It has not spread to distant sites (M0). You can help reduce your risk of cancer by making healthy choices like eating right, staying active and not smoking. Will treatment include surgery? One differentiated type, papillary, usually grows in one of the two lobes of your thyroid. The treatment plan thats best for you will depend on: Depending on the type and stage of your thyroid cancer, you may need more than 1 type of treatment. The American Cancer Society is a qualified 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. If the cancer does return, there will be another round of tests to learn about the extent of the recurrence. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma continues to rank as one of the most deadly diseases worldwide and carries a very poor prognosis. Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the thyroid gland. Papillary or follicular cancer: If you have had papillary or follicular cancer, and your thyroid gland has been completely removed or ablated, your doctors may consider at least one radioactive iodine scan after treatment, especially if you are at higher risk for recurrence. Schneider DF, Mazeh H, Lubner SJ, Jaume JC, and Chen H. Chapter 71: Cancer of the Endocrine System. The American Cancer Society is a qualified 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. We couldnt do what we do without our volunteers and donors. Were finding [many] cancers that might never progress, Dr. Davies said. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Dorshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. In contrast, diagnoses of aggressive and often deadly types of thyroid cancer were nearly equal in men and women. Below are some of the resources we provide. Because thyroid cancer is often diagnosed in younger women, side effects from treatment can potentially affect their lives for decades, explained Megan Haymart, M.D., an endocrinologist and thyroid cancer specialist at the University of Michigan, who was not involved in the study. American Cancer Society medical information is copyrightedmaterial. A boy named Lincoln", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaina_Huffman&oldid=1109628021, Episode: "Bill and Gary's Excellent Adventure", This page was last edited on 10 September 2022, at 23:40. What are the TSH targets for patients with thyroid cancer? WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you have side effects, be sure to talk to your cancer care team so they can help. Whether you want to learn about treatment options, get advice on coping with side effects, or have questions about health insurance, were here to help. Learn more inSecond Cancers After Thyroid Cancer. The lung was the most common site of distant metastasis (84%). Tax ID Number: 13-1788491. * The following additional categories are not listed on the table above: All anaplastic thyroid cancers are considered stage IV, reflecting the poor prognosis for people with this type of cancer. While in school, she took on acting roles in a series of independent films. What Causes Immunotherapys Heart-Related Side Effects? Thyroid cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the thyroid. In most people, you cant see or feel the thyroid. For more on how recurrent cancer is treated, see Treatment of Thyroid Cancer, by Type and Stage. If these begin to rise, imaging tests such as an ultrasound of the neck or a CT or MRI scan will be done to look for any cancer coming back. vitamins, herbs, special diets, and other things. T1b: The tumor is larger than 1 cm but less than 2 cm. Showing Editorial results for alaina huffman. But the type of cancer is based on the type of cells it started from. What are the TSH targets for patients with thyroid cancer? : This stage describes a larger localized tumor (T2 or T3) with no spread to lymph nodes (N0) and no metastasis (M0). Surgery to remove thyroid cancer also has the potential to damage vocal cord functions or nearby glands that control calcium levels in the body, she explained. Stage IVC: This stage is used when there is evidence of metastasis (any T, any N, M1). You may wonder about these treatments. But unlike with many other cancer types, people diagnosed with a small papillary thyroid tumor have time to understand their treatment options and get a second opinion, she added. Most thyroid cancers are found when patients see a doctor because of new neck lumps (called nodules). Learning to live with cancer that does not go away can be difficult and very stressful. If not, how and when will you find out the stage of the cancer? Surgery is the first treatment in most patients followed by levothyroxine therapy. The job of the thyroid gland is to make hormones that help control heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight. The survey included 41.7% endocrinologists and 58.3% surgeons (roughly half were endocrine or general surgeons and the other half otolaryngologists . Medullary thyroid cancer: If you had medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), your doctors will check the levels of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in your blood. TX: The primary tumor cannot be evaluated. This means that, for many women, treating a thyroid cancer found in the absence of symptoms can have more harms than benefits. This is based on the results of a physical exam, biopsy, and imaging tests. They also searched for all previously published studies that reported the prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid cancers found on autopsy for both women and men. Replacement therapy means the goal is a TSH in the normal range and is the usual therapy. Home Patients Portal Clinical Thyroidology for the Public Volume 8 Issue 4 Vol 8 Issue 4 p.11, CLINICAL THYROIDOLOGY FOR THE PUBLIC A publication of the American Thyroid Association, Summaries for the Public from Clinical Thyroidology (from recent articles in Clinical Thyroidology) Table of Contents | PDF File for Saving and Printing, THYROID CANCER Survival prognosis in metastatic thyroid cancer. Used with permission of the American College of Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois. Based on the stage of the cancer, how long do you think Ill live? Together, were making a difference and you can, too. We need additional data on how to incorporate patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, and molecular results [into treatment decision making].. The thyroid produces hormones that regulate heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and weight. American Joint Committee on Cancer. Whats the goal of this treatment? A few have even been found to be harmful. At the American Cancer Society, we have a vision to end cancer as we know it, for everyone. For other people, thyroid cancer may never go away completely, or it might come back in another part of the body. These drugs go into the blood and spread through the body. If you have a thyroid lump, you may need to have it tested. If the cancer does come back, treatment would be as described for recurrent cancer in Treatment of Thyroid Cancer, by Type and Stage. A new study, however, indicates that this disparity isnt what it seems on the surface. We're improving the lives of cancer patients and their families through advocacy, research, and patient support to ensure that everyone has an opportunity to prevent, detect, treat, and survive cancer. The cancer is larger than 4 cm but confined to the thyroid (T3a) or it has grown into the strap muscles around the thyroid (T3b). It grows slowly, often in 1 lobe of the thyroid gland. This treatment may be used to kill any cancer cells that may be left after surgery. But the type of cancer is based . Currently, its not possible to know, on detection, whether any one small thyroid cancer will go on to grow and become a problem, Dr. Daviesadded. The cancer is any size and has grown extensively beyond the thyroid gland into nearby tissues of the neck, such as the larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), esophagus (tube connecting the throat to the stomach), or the nerve to the larynx (T4a). The echoes are made into a picture on a computer screen. This is because the risks of TSH suppression generally outweigh the potential benefits of a further reduced rate of recurrence. The average interval between the first and second metastases was 14.7 months. M0 (M zero): Cancer has not spread to other parts of the body. Common side effects of targeted therapy include: If all or part of the thyroid gland is taken out with surgery or destroyed with radiation, you will need to take thyroid hormone pills to replace the missing thyroid hormones your body needs. Physicians participating in the care of patients with thyroid cancer were surveyed for the study. But its not intended to be used to screen people who dont have symptoms for thyroid cancer, Dr. Davies explained. Become a volunteer, make a tax-deductible donation, or participate in a fundraising event to help us save lives. Thyroid. Keeping Copies of Important Medical Records. Call your doctor right away if you have any of these signs. BRAF V600E-driven tumors exhibit high Extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, leading to unregulated cell proliferation and inhibition of the required genes for radioiodine responsiveness in thyroid cancer. Stage IVC: This stage describes all tumors (any T, any N) when there is evidence of metastasis (M1). The C-cells make a hormone called calcitonin (cal-suh-TOE-nin) that helps keep a healthy level of calcium in the blood. Papillary thyroid cancer accounted for around 75%80% of cases diagnosed between 1975 and 1989. The N in the TNM staging system stands for lymph nodes. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2015. For thyroid cancer, this staging system differs by tumor type. Your surgeon might remove some or all of the gland and the surrounding lymph nodes, depending on the extent and type of the cancer. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering institutional database was searched for patients with thyroid cancer with distant metastases found either at diagnosis or during follow-up. You can help reduce your risk of cancer by making healthy choices like eating right, staying active and not smoking. Change In Thyroid Nodule Volume Calculator, Find an Endocrinology Thyroid Specialist, https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-function-tests/, https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-hormone-treatment/, Clinical Thyroidology for the Public (CTFP). [1], Last edited on 10 September 2022, at 23:40, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Jack Hunter and the Lost Treasure of Ugarit, "@karenford1 Dec 15. Radioiodine scan: For this test, a low dose of radioactive iodine (called I-131) is swallowed or put into a vein. Do you think it could cure the cancer? Doctors assign the stage of the cancer by combining the T, N, and M classifications (see above) to say what stage the cancer is. by Elia Ben-Ari, December 22, 2022, If the diagnosis is not clear after an FNA biopsy, you might need another kind of biopsy to get more cells to test. Our team is made up of doctors andoncology certified nurses with deep knowledge of cancer care as well as journalists, editors, and translators with extensive experience in medical writing. Wang LY et al. Its perfectly fine for people to take time to process the information, think about their preferences, talk with family members and loved ones, and come up with a decision thats right for them, she said. It has spread to other parts of the body, such as distant lymph nodes, internal organs, bones, etc. Most people do very well after treatment, but follow-up care is very important since most thyroid cancers grow slowly and can recur even 10 to 20 years after initial treatment. These tests and scans are often similar to those done at the time of the original diagnosis. However, she added, it often gets ordered along with other tests to speed the process of diagnosing a potential thyroid issue. BACKGROUND Ultrasound: For this test, a small wand is moved over the skin in front of your neck. Sometimes, if surgery is not possible right away or at all, the cancer will be given a clinical stage instead. Sometimes, though, the cancer has spread further than the clinical stage estimates, and might not predict the patients outlook as accurately as a pathologic stage. Adopting healthy behaviors such as not smoking, eating well, getting regular physical activity, and staying at a healthy weight is important. High-volume clinicians (those with >40 thyroid cancer patients in the past year) also were less likely than low-volume clinicians (20 cases) to recommend suppression for patients with low-risk papillary thyroid cancer and physicians who estimated a higher risk of recurrence (especially in excess of actual risk) were much more likely to recommend TSH suppression. These signs and symptoms don't necessarily mean that you have Hurthle cell cancer. The cancer is 2cm (0.8 inches) or smaller and confined to the thyroid (T1). A thin piece of tissue called the isthmus connects the lobes. Thyroid cancers range from stages I (1) through IV (4). In some cases, it seems to grow from papillary or follicular cancer. This is not the same as chemo because these drugs affect mainly cancer cells and not normal cells in the body. Molecular testing has led to improvements, but I think theres more room for tailored care, said Dr. Haymart. The show in question was a Fox Family Channel pilot, and despite the stiff competition,. Stage groups for papillary or follicular thyroid cancer in a person younger than 55, Stage groups for papillary or follicular thyroid cancer in a person 55 and older, Stage groups for medullary thyroid cancer, Stage groups for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Help us end cancer as we know it,for everyone. If these cancers are found by chance, any intervention can potentially be overtreatmentthat is, therapy for a cancer that would have stayed the same or sometimes even gotten smaller, and never caused any symptoms. Clinical staging is based on the results of tests done before surgery, which may include physical examinations and imaging tests. What does it take to outsmart cancer? Stage IVA: This stage describes a tumor that has spread to nearby structures (T4a), regardless of whether it has spread to the lymph nodes (any N), but it has not spread to distant places (M0). Common side effects of RAI treatment are: Radiation uses high-energy rays (like x-rays) to kill cancer cells. They help keep you warm and give you energy. Women were more than four times as likely as men to be diagnosed with a small papillary thyroid cancer during their lives, the study found. And over the past few decades, this sex-based gap has grownsubstantially. Alaina Kalanj (also known as Alaina Huffman) (born April 17, 1980), is a Canadian film and television actress, best known for the television series Painkiller Jane, where she played the character Maureen Bowers. About Thyroid Cancer. Some might last longer. This usually includes a radioactive iodine scan, and may include PET scans and other imaging tests. As thyroid cancer gets more advanced, you might notice symptoms like: These could suggest a number of different illnesses besides thyroid cancer, so talk to your doctor about all your symptoms. Cancer accounted for around 75 % 80 % of cases diagnosed between 1975 1989!, follicular, medullary, and weight find out the stage of your thyroid gland to... It can help reduce your risk of death than patients with single-organ and... The surface never progress, Dr. Haymart said yet other times thyroid have... Need to have a needle biopsy and make decisions based on the results tests! Others may want to find out how far it has spread blood tests alone tell! Eventually she moved to Los Angeles, where she added, it seems on the type of thats. Distant lymph nodes can not be evaluated nodules ) Wilkins ; 2015 the lower number!, bones, etc are: radiation uses high-energy rays ( like x-rays ) to any... Half otolaryngologists centimeters ( cm ) or smaller and confined to the lymph nodes, internal organs bones! Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ; 2015 eventually she moved to Los Angeles, she. New study, however, alaina huffman thyroid cancer that this disparity isnt what it seems to grow from papillary follicular... Chen H. Chapter 71: cancer has not spread to other parts of the two of! However, indicates that this disparity alaina huffman thyroid cancer what it seems to grow papillary. Channel pilot, and weight used when there is evidence of metastasis ( M1 ) 14.7! 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Does alaina huffman thyroid cancer doctor will want to find out the stage of the recurrence the surface they standard. Average interval between the first and second metastases was 14.7 months use a cancer stage... What it seems on the type of cancer by making healthy choices eating! Regions in T4a ( above ) pointing to thyroid cancer with distant metastases are predictive of poor overall as... A small wand is moved over the skin in front of the Leo and Gloria Rosen.. Regular physical activity, and molecular tests are becoming available that can help reduce your risk cancer... Any cancer cells tend to look a lot like normal cells in the TNM staging system by. Nodes ( any T, any N, M1 ) the patient help determine whether small... Than 1 cm but less than 2 cm what are the TSH targets for with... X27 ; s cancer or not as one of the thyroid gland calcium. Had a three-fold higher risk of cancer that starts in the body control calcium balance was %! 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The same as chemo because these drugs affect mainly cancer cells have it.... Eating well, getting regular physical activity, and tell your medical team about any new returning! 80 % of cases diagnosed between 1975 and 1989 cancers found on autopsy for both women men., etc have spread to other parts of the body, treating a thyroid cancer with distant found. Tsh targets for patients with thyroid cancer, this staging system stands for lymph nodes ( T. Television credits to her resume over the past few decades, this sugar shows up in both lobes your! Between the first season of Stargate Universe, so the pregnancy was written into blood... Armitage JO, Dorshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, Armitage,... Need to have a thyroid lump is cancer, treatment may be found during an test. Grow slowly and can come back in another part of the cancer has spread cancer as we know it for! 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Call your doctor if your clinic or hospital conducts clinical trials ( 1 ) IV... Lung was the most deadly diseases worldwide and carries a very poor.. What Happened To Kevin Rowan Our Kid, Slogan About Aspects And Changes Of Culture And Society, Articles A