The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. The kings mother, Margaret Beaufort, was protective of young brides; her own body had been wrecked by a pregnancy at 13. Inventories paint the picture: tableware of silver and gold, Venetian glass, mother-of-pearl, tapestries portraying the journeys of Ulysses and the discovery of Newfoundland; the countess herself, tall, stately, wears ermine, tawny damask, black satin and black velvet. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. It was perfectly clear to any objective observer that the marriage was unlawful before God! Cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury.Pole was a younger son of Margaret, countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, duke of Clarence: he was therefore of the blood royal and his mother was governess and companion of Princess Mary.Intended from the beginning for the church, he spent 1521-7 on the continent in study. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. Margaret was stripped of her titles and imprisoned in the Tower of London. By 1520, as an indication of the trust placed in her, she had been appointed lady governor to the Princess Mary, born in 1516 and the only child of the royal marriage to survive for more than a few weeks. In 1886, 10 years after . Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. Reginalds brother Geoffrey was in correspondence with Reginald, and Henry had Geoffrey Pole, Margarets heir, arrested in 1538 along with their brother Henry Pole and others. Her son Reginald described himself afterwards as son of a martyr and in 1886, Pope Leo XIII had Margaret Pole beatified as a martyr. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. His crusade against his native land was never launched, but many years later he would return, Archbishop of Canterbury to Mary Tudor, and join in heresy-hunting and the burning of reformers. As the heir to the throne, Mary enjoyed a separate household, and in 1525 she was sent to Ludlow to hold court. . And because of his early education in religious matters, Henry was no mere spectator in religious debate. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. Gregory had been corresponding with Reginald; the investigation of Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter (Henry VIII's first cousin and Geoffrey's second cousin), had turned up his name. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. Mores wife had been like most women of her time ill-educated, and during their brief marriage, he taught her Latin and other subjects. This blatant disrespect could not be tolerated and Mores name was included in a Bill of Attainder against Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent, who had prophesized against the kings annulment. The story of Mores last days is terribly affecting. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". The following poem was found carved on the wall of her cell: For traitors on the block should die; They were charged with treason. He dictated letter after letter. In June 1535, after he had been imprisoned for over a year, Cromwells servant, Richard Rich, now solicitor general, stated that he had spoken with More and More had denied Parliaments power to make Henry head of the church. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. I don't think Henry had quite the chummy relationship with Sir Thomas More that was depicted in "The Tudors" or even in "A Man for All Seasons." The story goes that when More was executed, Henry rose scowling from a game of cards with Anne Boleyn and barked at her "You are the cause of his death!" 28 Little Russell Street Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. [15][16], On the morning of 28 May 1541, Margaret was told she was to die within the hour. Edward was then brought out and displayed briefly to the public. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. Contact was made with Warwick; a plot began, or perhaps was manufactured by agents provocateurs; just at this time, to increase the alarm of Henry Tudor, another Warwick impersonator showed his face in Kent. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. Margarets aunt, Anne Neville, thus became queen. by Susan Higginbotham. He was sentenced to a traitors death to be drawn, hanged, and quartered but the king changed it to beheading. The new pretender, Ralph Wilford, was arrested and killed before the conspiracy bred any action. But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. Name: Thomas More. Margaret was looked after well in the Tower, with Henry VIII paying for her food, clothing and a woman to attend her. His decision to become a lay Christian now made, More quickly married. It was, Henry told him, proof that his marriage to Katharine was incestuous due to her previous marriage to his brother. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. Rather, he felt that he could be more effective in the city itself, not closeted away amongst the nobles and councilors of Henrys court. In total, Margaret and Richard Pole had five children together: Henry, Arthur, Ursula, Reginald and Geoffrey. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16 th century to hold a peerage in her own right. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. Wolsey was destined to die for his failure to secure the annulment. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. Henry needed a son and heir. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." The Editor Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. After his marriage to Anne Boleyn and the birth of their daughter, Elizabeth, Mary was sent to join the household of the infant princess. Princess Mary But in 1520 Margaret was clearly in favor with the King and Queen when she was appointed governess of the Princess Mary. It is no exaggeration to state that its publication ensured More a stature that no other Englishman of his time enjoyed. So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. Birth Country: United Kingdom. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. Margaret, warned of the threat he represented to her own interests and life, said: I trow he is not so unhappy that he will hurt his mother, and yet I care neither for him, nor for any other, for I am true to my Prince., At this point she was questioned rigorously by Henrys councillor William Fitzwilliam. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. But Reginald Pole refused to do so, leaving for Europe in 1532. Thomas More: A very brief history June 29, 2017; Henry VIII's Westminster Tournament 1511 June 5, 2017; In the end, he decided, in the words of his friend Erasmus, to be a chaste husband rather than an impure priest.. In some versions, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the block, and the headsman had to pin her down. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. And her gender did not necessarily disqualify her from becoming leader of the opposition if that was what she chose. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. EXECUTED: 27 MAY 1541. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. If, however, the subject lives a life of great extravagance, tell him he, too, can afford to give largely, the proof of his opulence being evident in his expenditure.. When she reached her teens, a marriage was arranged with Richard Pole, a modest landowner with solid Tudor connections, who had been rewarded for loyalty by being made constable of several Welsh castles. Warwick When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. It is only in adversity that Margaret shows herself, in the records of her interrogations, when she was a woman in her sixties, experienced, shrewd, hard to frighten. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? Margaret is the main character of Samantha Wilcoxson's 2016 novel, Dwyer, J.G. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. Pole and his hagiographers gave several later accounts of Pole's activities after Henry met Anne Boleyn. Afterwards, he made a botched suicide attempt. In: Ghosts and Hauntings. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. The king financed Richards funeral. Or was there, as she claimed, nothing worth burning? With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? Later that year, Reginald was summoned to Rome, made a cardinal and put in charge of organising a crusade against England economic sanctions first, war if need be. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. Pole, Reginald (1500-58). The trial of Sir Thomas More for treason opened in Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535. Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . Henry still hoped for Mores support. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. He died on 8 August 1420. In 1554, Mary reversed the attainder against Reginald Pole, and he was ordained as a priest in 1556 and finally consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1556. He later studied at . Two written eyewitness reports survived her execution: one by Marillac, the French ambassador, and the other by Chapuys, ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . It was delivered in manuscript form, but at any time it could be printed and circulated through Europe. This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? This site requires the use of Javascript to provide the best possible experience. 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Fitzwilliam despaired of getting anything out of her but denials, and paid her a twisted compliment in the way Tudor men did: We may call her rather a strong and constant man than a woman she has shown herself so earnest, vehement and precise that more could not be. When he told her that her goods had been seized, she must have known it was the beginning of the end, and seemeth thereat to be somew[hat] appalled, but neither then nor at any later point did she profess anything but loyalty to Henry and regret at her familys folly. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. The pilgrimage was an effort to organize a march on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry's increasingly Protestant-leaning one. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. London Review of Books But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. More would have to either acknowledge the kings spiritual supremacy and marriage to Anne Boleyn, or he would die. She began to write for the. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. Higginbothams narrative begins with this bungled beheading so either the jacket designer was in the dark about the contents, or someone at her publisher has a mordant sense of humour. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. Abstract. It was the king who had paid for Reginalds education at Oxford and later in Italy, where his noble connections gave him the entre into the smartest humanist circles. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. To my principles!". BORN: 1473. Her husbands career flourished. We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. Allida is tongue-tied with An Impossible Thing to Say by Arya Shahi, in which an Iranian American teen in Arizonafalls in love with the new girl at school, Shakespeare, and rap music while . * Thomas Stafford (1531-4 May 1557) who was captured and executed for High Treason in Scarborough. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. London Review of Books, Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. Credit: PjrWindows / Alamy Stock Photo. Then, in good faith, between your grace and me is but this, that I shall die today, and you tomorrow.. Shortly thereafter, (probably in November 1487) Henry VII gave Margaret in marriage to his cousin, Sir Richard Pole, whose mother was a half-sister of the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. [10], When Mary was declared a bastard in 1533, Margaret refused to give Mary's gold plate and jewels back to Henry. Buckingham was alleged to have said that the lack of sons to carry on the Tudor line was Gods punishment for the imprisonment and death of the young Earl of Warwick. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. Under the reign of Henry VIII on May 27th 1541, at the age of 67, Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was executed for treason. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. That its publication ensured More a stature that no other Englishman of early! Release him from his duties fact, was protective of young brides ; her had! Refused to do so, leaving for Europe in 1532 circumstances of his time.... 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